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Japanese Americans were jailed in a desert. Survivors worry a wind farm will overshadow the past. | AP News

Japanese Americans were jailed in a desert. Survivors worry a wind farm will overshadow the past. | AP News

JEROME, Idaho (AP) — Behind the barbed wire, the little boy pressed his ink-covered index finger onto the mint-green exit card. And a photograph was snapped of his frightened face.

Paul Tomita was four.

It was July 4, 1943. Independence Day at Minidoka, a camp in the vast Idaho desert, where over 13,000 Japanese American men, women and children were incarcerated during World War II as security risks because of their ancestry.

The wallet-sized paper meant the scared boy in the photo could leave after 11 months living in a cramped barracks with his father, mother, two sisters and grandmother.

Paul Tomita displays a copy of his exit card granted to him on July 4, 1943, as the family was allowed to leave after Tomita's father signed loyalty documents and passed security clearance to work for the Office of Secret Service, which later became the CIA, Friday, July 7, 2023, in Twin Falls, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Paul Tomita displays a copy of his exit card granted to him on July 4, 1943, as the family was allowed to leave after Tomita’s father signed loyalty documents and passed security clearance to work for the Office of Secret Service, which later became the CIA, Friday, July 7, 2023, in Twin Falls, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Eight decades later, he returned with West Coast pilgrims who think the life-changing atrocity should be remembered. But now another government decision looms as a new threat — a wind project the pilgrims worry will destroy the experience they want to preserve.

If approved by the Bureau of Land Management, the Lava Ridge Wind Farm would put up 400 turbines on 118 square miles (306 square kilometers) near Minidoka, where survivors say they are witnessing another attempt to bury the past.

“If Minidoka was a white memorial to white soldiers who died in whatever war it is, do you think that they would offer free land to Lava Ridge to develop their windmills there?” Tomita said. “Hell no.”

Kurt Ikeda, Director of Interpretation and Education at Minidoka National Historic Site, brings his small Minidoka Pilgrimage tour, including Mabel Tomita, center, and volunteer Tessa Fujisaki, right, to an original barracks at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Kurt Ikeda, Director of Interpretation and Education at Minidoka National Historic Site, brings his small Minidoka Pilgrimage tour, including Mabel Tomita, center, and volunteer Tessa Fujisaki, right, to an original barracks at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Wind turbines are seen from Interstate-84, Sunday, July 9, 2023, near Hammett, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Wind turbines are seen from Interstate-84, Sunday, July 9, 2023, near Hammett, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

A tractor travels down Hunt Road in front of a

A tractor travels down Hunt Road in front of a “Let’s Stop Lava Ridge” sign near the Minidoka National Historic Site, Thursday, July 6, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

A reconstructed entry guard tower is silhouetted by the sunset at Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. The original guard tower was one of eight such structures manned by United States military on the site surrounded by miles of barbed wire. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

A reconstructed entry guard tower is silhouetted by the sunset at Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

THE CAMP IN THE DESERT

Two months after the Japan’s Dec. 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066.

Roughly 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry were taken from their homes and incarcerated in camps as a potential threat against the U.S.

Thousands were elderly, disabled, children or infants. Desperate families sold belongings and packed what they could. Luckier ones had white friends care for houses, farms and businesses.

At Minidoka, they lived in wooden, tarpaper-covered barracks, braving summer heat and winter cold on 50 square miles (130 square kilometers) of remote, high desert. In tight quarters without much privacy, women waited until nighttime to use latrines. Up to eight family members shared rooms on cots without mattresses. For Christmas dinner, children ate hot dogs.

The windows of an original barracks housing people incarcerated at the Minidoka camp reflect cows grazing in adjacent farmland that once held hundreds of similar barracks on the original site at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Thursday, July 6, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. After World War II, the camp was disassembled, with the barracks being given to local farmers or demolished. The one barracks structure now returned to Minidoka has been modified over the years. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

The windows of an original barracks housing people incarcerated at the Minidoka camp reflect cows grazing in adjacent farmland that once held hundreds of similar barracks on the original site at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Thursday, July 6, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

A member of the American Legion Post #41 honor guard carries an American flag towards the recreated honor roll near the entrance of the camp during a closing ceremony for the Minidoka Pilgrimage at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. The honor roll is a 2011 replica of the original honor roll, built in 1943 by Minidoka incarcerees Kenjiro Nomura and Kamekichi Tokita to honor those from camp who served in the military. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

A member of the American Legion Post #41 honor guard carries an American flag towards the recreated honor roll near the entrance of the camp during a closing ceremony for the Minidoka Pilgrimage at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Under armed guard towers, Minidoka residents worked in fields cultivating crops for little pay. But they built a community in what was essentially a prison camp.

They organized churches and planted gardens. They created city of sorts with stores, watch and radio repair shops, a health clinic, a barbershop, an ice rink, a swimming pool and a baseball diamond.

Today, few original structures remain as reminders of a chapter in U.S. history the government worked to erase before issuing reparations and designating camps national historic sites decades later.

Now, a new project with fences of a different kind is envisioned for the wide-open public land dotted with sagebrush and cheatgrass.

A Minidoka Pilgrimage tour for elders with limited mobility passes by another tour walking the ground of the Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

A Minidoka Pilgrimage tour for elders with limited mobility passes by another tour walking the ground of the Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

A reconstructed guard tower looms at the site's entrance as Kurt Ikeda, Director of Interpretation and Education at Minidoka National Historic Site, leads a tour for pilgrimage attendees Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

A reconstructed guard tower looms at the site’s entrance as Kurt Ikeda, Director of Interpretation and Education at Minidoka National Historic Site, leads a tour for pilgrimage attendees Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Jonnie Narita places a hand on the honor roll at the entrance of the Minidoka National Historic Site during a tour Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Jonnie Narita places a hand on the honor roll at the entrance of the Minidoka National Historic Site during a tour Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Richard Oba takes a bus to the Minidoka National Historic site with other Minidoka Pilgrimage attendees Saturday, July 8, 2023, near Jerome, Idaho. Previous iterations of the Minidoka Pilgrimage had an option to bus from Seattle to Idaho, echoing the train ride many Japanese American took from the Puyallup Assembly Center to Minidoka. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Richard Oba takes a bus to the Minidoka National Historic site with other Minidoka Pilgrimage attendees Saturday, July 8, 2023, near Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

WIND PROJECT OPPOSED

As the Biden Administration aimed to fight climate change by permitting 25 gigawatts of renewable energy on public lands within the decade, a company named Magic Valley pitched a wind farm that would be the second-largest in the U.S. and produce up to 1,000 megawatts.

Lava Ridge would erect towering turbines in parts of three counties and double Idaho’s wind energy production.

“There is a tremendous need, a market based need for clean energy in Idaho and across the West … being requested by utilities, by businesses, by state leaders, and really by many Americans who are trying to get this country toward energy independence,” said Luke Papez, project manager at Magic Valley, a subsidiary of New York-based LS Power. “This is a very good site to locate a project.”

With global warming, wind farms have been framed as avenues to increased economic activity, new local tax revenues — and a vital tool for the White House’s clean energy goals.

“Renewable wind projects are a critical component of the Biden-Harris administration’s commitment to confronting climate change, promoting clean air and water for our current and future generations, creating thousands of good-paying union jobs, and jump starting our country’s transition to a clean energy future,” said Interior Secretary Deb Haaland in a statement.

Friends of Minidoka executive director Robyn Achilles, seated at far right, leads a panel of farmers, legislators and camp survivor descendants to discuss the Lava Ridge wind farm project proposed to be built near Minidoka National Historic Site at the College of Southern Idaho, Friday, July 7, 2023, in Twin Falls, Idaho. The largest of the wind turbines would be 740 feet tall, higher than the Seattle Space Needle. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Friends of Minidoka executive director Robyn Achilles, seated at far right, leads a panel of farmers, legislators and camp survivor descendants to discuss the Lava Ridge wind farm project proposed to be built near Minidoka National Historic Site at the College of Southern Idaho, Friday, July 7, 2023, in Twin Falls, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Magic Valley now hopes to win BLM approval next year and to begin construction in 2025 and start operations by 2026.

But opposition is nearly universal in the high desert where the company would build hundreds of miles of temporary fencing and roads, plus hundreds of concrete slabs for turbines.

There are fears the isolated landscape that draws travelers will be permanently scarred, explosives used for construction will damage an aquifer — and the project will cast shadows on the desert Minidoka survivors visit.

As the BLM nears a final decision, Minidoka survivors and descendants are declaring the site a place of healing that commemorates traumas their families still struggle to unpack and resolve.

“I don’t mean to take sides in history,” said Idaho Rep. Jack Nelson, a Republican. “But the reason we study history is so we don’t do those things again.”

Minidoka survivor and pilgrimage planning committee member Eugene Tagawa sets up a large group photo of all pilgrimage attendees in a stairwell at the College of Southern Idaho, Friday, July 7, 2023, in Twin Falls, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Minidoka survivor and pilgrimage planning committee member Eugene Tagawa sets up a large group photo of all pilgrimage attendees in a stairwell at the College of Southern Idaho, Friday, July 7, 2023, in Twin Falls, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Minidoka survivor Paul Tomita, left, and wife Mabel Tomita, right, a survivor of Tule Lake and Gila River, sign a World War II-era 48-star flag as part of a project by Judge Johnny Gogo of Santa Clara County Superior Court at the College of Southern Idaho, Friday, July 7, 2023, in Twin Falls, Idaho. Gogo originally started the project to promote Fred Korematsu Day and has traveled around the country gathering signatures from survivors, filling several flags he has donated to Japanese American museums. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Minidoka survivor Paul Tomita, left, and wife Mabel Tomita, right, a survivor of Tule Lake and Gila River, sign a World War II-era 48-star flag as part of a project by Judge Johnny Gogo of Santa Clara County Superior Court at the College of Southern Idaho, Friday, July 7, 2023, in Twin Falls, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

THE BOY IN THE PHOTO

During his 11 months at the desert camp, Paul Tomita longed for his Seattle home surrounded by lush greenery. He asked his mother: What did we do wrong to end up here? When are we going home?

“Of course, my mom had to song and dance around it,” recalled Tomita, now 84. “Even though I was that young, I knew something was wrong.”

Tomita’s family and thousands of other Japanese Americans were under control of the Army’s War Relocation Authority. “They told us when we could eat, when we could sleep, when we could do anything,” he said.

Unrelenting dust in their single room worsened his asthma and sent him repeatedly to the hospital barracks.

When thick desert dust blew through holes in the family’s barracks walls, his mother dunked newspaper in water to plaster the biggest ones. But the material dried and crumbled.

“Dust on your face, dust in your ears, dust up your nose, dust in your mouth,” Tomita recalled.

Eventually, Tomita said, U.S. soldiers on the other side of the barbed wire knew the Japanese-Americans at Minidoka were not a threat. “Even if we got through the fences,” he said, “where are we going to go?”

Greg Kogita, center, prepares to receive a World War II-era flag signed by survivors of Minidoka and other camps during a flag ceremony for a group of Minidoka Pilgrimage attendees at Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Greg Kogita, center, prepares to receive a World War II-era flag signed by survivors of Minidoka and other camps during a flag ceremony for a group of Minidoka Pilgrimage attendees at Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

LEAVING, BUT NEVER FORGETTING

While Tomita’s family was incarcerated, his father applied for an East Coast job with the Office of Strategic Services — a precursor of the CIA.

His assignment: Translating U.S. propaganda into Japanese flyers urging surrender that would be dropped in the South Pacific.

To return to life outside, Tomita, his older sister and his younger sister, then 2, needed a leave card with a fingerprint and photo.

At war’s end, the family returned to Seattle, where neighbors had safeguarded typesetting equipment that allowed them to restart the family printing business.

When the children entered high school, their mother presented them with their Minidoka exit cards.

After earning a master’s degree in rehabilitation counseling at Oregon State University, Tomita provided consulting and rehabilitation services to companies and government agencies on the West Coast. He and his wife adopted a daughter, now 53 with a child of her own.

In July, Tomita brought a copy of his exit card when he returned to the camp for an annual pilgrimage. He wants future generations to be able to visit this treasured site for Japanese-Americans.

“Because they dumped us there,” he said. “Like it or not, it is our sacred land.”

Minidoka survivor Fujiko Tamura Gardner, center, is honored with a wreath from her granddaughter, ranger Kelsea Holbrook, during a closing ceremony at Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Minidoka survivor Fujiko Tamura Gardner, center, is honored with a wreath from her granddaughter, ranger Kelsea Holbrook, during a closing ceremony at Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Minidoka survivor Jerry Arai bows his head in a prayer during a closing ceremony for the Minidoka Pilgrimage at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Minidoka survivor Jerry Arai bows his head in a prayer during a closing ceremony for the Minidoka Pilgrimage at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

An attendee attaches an "ema," a plaque used to write prayers or wishes in Shinto shrines or Buddhist temples, to a symbolic barbed wire display during a pilgrimage closing ceremony at Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

An attendee attaches an “ema,” a plaque used to write prayers or wishes in Shinto shrines or Buddhist temples, to a symbolic barbed wire display during a pilgrimage closing ceremony at Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Minidoka survivor and member of the pilgrimage planning committee Paul Tomita, right, gives a wreath of origami cranes to Hubert B. Two Leggins, an original member of the Whistling Water Clan from the Black Lodge District, following a blessing during a closing ceremony for the Minidoka Pilgrimage at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

Minidoka survivor and member of the pilgrimage planning committee Paul Tomita, right, gives a wreath of origami cranes to Hubert B. Two Leggins, an original member of the Whistling Water Clan from the Black Lodge District, following a blessing during a closing ceremony for the Minidoka Pilgrimage at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

M. Sally Nakai Kobayashi wipes her eyes during a flag ceremony with a 48-star World War II-era flag she and other survivors of incarceration signed outside the visitor center at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. Kobayashi, who was born at Minidoka and grew up in Chicago, now lives in Sapporo, Japan, where she gives presentations on Japanese American incarceration. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

M. Sally Nakai Kobayashi wipes her eyes during a flag ceremony with a 48-star World War II-era flag she and other survivors of incarceration signed outside the visitor center at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

An honor guard from the American Legion Post #41 from Wendell, Idaho, prepares for a rifle salute as a large koinobori, or carp flag, flies in the wind during a closing ceremony for the Minidoka Pilgrimage at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

An honor guard from the American Legion Post #41 from Wendell, Idaho, prepares for a rifle salute as a large koinobori, or carp flag, flies in the wind during a closing ceremony for the Minidoka Pilgrimage at the Minidoka National Historic Site, Sunday, July 9, 2023, in Jerome, Idaho. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

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